Consider this: humans have never existed without a symbiotic relationship with microbes. And the brain has never been without signals from the gut and its resident microbes.1
These powerful statements underscore the importance of the connections and interactions between our gastrointestinal (GI) system, the microorganisms that reside there, and our brain and central nervous system (CNS). Understanding how microbes in the gut influence brain health and cognitive function is one of the most exciting areas of research in neuroscience and biological psychiatry today.
Much of this research is focused on the gut-brain axis—an intricate series of neural pathways that carry signals between the enteric nervous system (ENS) of the GI tract and the CNS.2 This dynamic and bidirectional communication network facilitates a complex coordination of neural, hormonal, and immunological interactions that influence various physiological processes beyond digestive function.
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